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    Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
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    Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption
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    Strengthen Biosafety and Distribute the Benefits of Biotechnology
    Target18
    Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity
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    Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance
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    Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity
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    Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
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    Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
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    Ensure Gender Equality and a Gender-Responsive Approach for Biodiversity Action
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  • Aichi Biodiversity Targets

    What does each Target means
    Target1
    Awareness increased
    Target2
    Biodiversity values integrated
    Target3
    Incentives reformed
    Target4
    Sustainable production and consumption
    Target5
    Habitat loss halved or reduced
    Target6
    Sustainable management of marine living resources
    Target7
    Sustainable agriculture, aquaculture and forestry
    Target8
    Pollution reduced
    Target9
    Invasive alien species prevented and controlled
    Target10
    Pressures on vulnerable ecosystems reduced
    Target11
    Protected areas increased and improved
    Target12
    Extinction prevented
    Target13
    Genetic diversity maintained
    Target14
    Ecosystems and essential services safeguarded
    Target15
    Ecosystems restored and resilience enhanced
    Target16
    Nagoya Protocol in force and operational
    Target17
    NBSAPs adopted as policy instrument
    Target18
    Traditional knowledge respected and integrated
    Target19
    Knowledge improved, shared and applied
    Target20
    Financial resources from all sources increased
  • Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Targets

    What does each Target means
    Target1
    Plan and Manage all Areas To Reduce Biodiversity Loss
    Target2
    Restore 30% of all Degraded Ecosystems
    Target3
    Conserve 30% of Land, Waters and Seas
    Target4
    Halt Species Extinction, Protect Genetic Diversity, and Manage Human-Wildlife Conflicts
    Target5
    Ensure Sustainable, Safe and Legal Harvesting and Trade of Wild Species
    Target6
    Reduce the Introduction of Invasive Alien Species by 50% and Minimize Their Impact
    Target7
    Reduce Pollution to Levels That Are Not Harmful to Biodiversity
    Target8
    Minimize the Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Build Resilience
    Target9
    Manage Wild Species Sustainably To Benefit People
    Target10
    Enhance Biodiversity and Sustainability in Agriculture, Aquaculture, Fisheries, and Forestry
    Target11
    Restore, Maintain and Enhance Nature’s Contributions to People
    Target12
    Enhance Green Spaces and Urban Planning for Human Well-Being and Biodiversity
    Target13
    Increase the Sharing of Benefits From Genetic Resources, Digital Sequence Information and Traditional Knowledge
    Target14
    Integrate Biodiversity in Decision-Making at Every Level
    Target15
    Businesses Assess, Disclose and Reduce Biodiversity-Related Risks and Negative Impacts
    Target16
    Enable Sustainable Consumption Choices To Reduce Waste and Overconsumption
    Target17
    Strengthen Biosafety and Distribute the Benefits of Biotechnology
    Target18
    Reduce Harmful Incentives by at Least $500 Billion per Year, and Scale Up Positive Incentives for Biodiversity
    Target19
    Mobilize $200 Billion per Year for Biodiversity From all Sources, Including $30 Billion Through International Finance
    Target20
    Strengthen Capacity-Building, Technology Transfer, and Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Biodiversity
    Target21
    Ensure That Knowledge Is Available and Accessible To Guide Biodiversity Action
    Target22
    Ensure Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice and Information Related to Biodiversity for all
    Target23
    Ensure Gender Equality and a Gender-Responsive Approach for Biodiversity Action
  • Sustainable Development Goals

    What does each Goal mean
    Goal1
    No poverty
    Goal2
    Zero hunger
    Goal3
    Good health and well-being
    Goal4
    Quality education
    Goal5
    Gender equality
    Goal6
    Clean water and sanitation
    Goal7
    Affordable and clean energy
    Goal8
    Decent work and economic growth
    Goal9
    Industry, innovation, infrastructure
    Goal10
    Reduced inequalities
    Goal11
    Sustainable cities and communities
    Goal12
    Responsible consumption, production
    Goal13
    Climate action
    Goal14
    Life below water
    Goal15
    Life on land
    Goal16
    Peace, justice and strong institutions
    Goal17
    Partnerships for the goals
Clear
The Puna Pastoralist System: A Coproduced Landscape in the Central Andes
Report

The Puna Pastoralist System: A Coproduced Landscape in the Central Andes

In mountain socioecological systems, the interaction between nature and people is at the core of planning local long-term sustainable development strategies. Pastoralism is the main traditional socioeconomic livelihood in dryland mountains. It is strongly associated with long-established land use practices that provide essential material and relational contributions, both of which shape human populations and nature. The aim of this work is to characterize the traditional pastoralist system of the Puna (northwest Argentina) in a framework that highlights its diverse values and valuations within nature–people coproductions. We use the conceptual framework of the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services as a tool to analyze and understand these socioecological systems. We also identify 3 coproduction types at different steps of the benefit flow from ecosystems to quality of life. Pastoral livelihood persists in the Argentine Puna, cocreating a landscape with natural and anthropic (water sources, grasslands, wildlife, livestock, and techniques) elements interacting through complex mechanisms involving environmental conditions and cultural and economic practices. Some drivers that threaten the system's sustainability are overexploitation and land use change. These are visible as poaching or conversion of pasturelands into mining areas. Finally, we identify a number of knowledge gaps. These include lack of information on some regulatory contributions of nature to people, biodiversity status, and trends and statistical information on Indigenous Peoples and local communities; the flow of relationships; and coproductions related to the local expression of the quality of life. We also highlight the need for spatially explicit information and comprehensive knowledge of drivers and socioecological dynamics of the landscape.

Country
Argentina
Organisation
VICAM: Vicuñas, camélidos y ambiente
Publisher
Mountain Research and Development
Publication date
August 1970